DSM-IV Quick Screen - Dependence

Criteria: (=3 symptoms)

1. Tolerance as defined by either of the following:
   

   A need for markedly increased amounts of the substance to achieve intoxication or desired effect Markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of the substance impaired by substance abuse

2. Withdrawal as manifested in either of the following:
   

   The characteristic withdrawal syndrome of the substance The same (or closely related) substance is taken to relieve or avoid the withdrawal symptoms

3. The substance is often taken in larger amounts or over a longer period of time than was intended.
4. There is a persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control substance use.
5. A great deal of time is spent in activities necessary to obtain the substance (visiting doctors or driving long distances, multiple phone calls, etc.), use the substance (chain smoking) or recover from its effects.
6. Important social, occupational or recreational activities are given up or reduced because of substance abuse.
7. The substance use is continued despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by the substance.